London Riots & Redes

Disturbios Disturbios en Londres Londres redes sociales Tomas Abarca
Imagen tomada de: Huffington Post
 Por: Tomás Abarca

La letra de la canción “London Calling” del grupo Inglés The Clash lo había vaticinado hace más de 30 años: “London calling to the faraway towns Now that war is declared and battle come down London calling to the underworld Come out of the cupboard, all you boys and girls” traducción: “Londres llamando a los pueblos lejanos ahora que se ha declarado la guerra, y la batalla se acerca Londres llamando al inframundo, chicos y chicas salgan de su encierro”.

Este llamado a los jóvenes ingleses de las clases desprotegidas a salir de la marginación y participar en una batalla contra lo establecido cobró fuerza el lunes 08 de agosto en la capital del Reino Unido, solo que en esta ocasión fueron las redes sociales el canal de comunicación a través del cual se difundió el mensaje.

Mientras nosotros disfrutábamos de la lluviosa tarde de sábado, en Londres ocurrían una serie de sucesos que desencadenarían los disturbios que tomarían por sorpresa a autoridades y habitantes de uno de los países aparentemente más estables del globo.

El sábado 06 de agosto un grupo de ciudadanos convocaron a una manifestación pacífica frente a la estación de policía del barrio de Tottenham para mostrar su indignación ante un caso donde un joven de 29 años llamado Mark Duggan falleció de un disparo a manos de la policía en circunstancias extrañas.

Mientras que los oficiales sostiene que ellos replicaron un ataque hecho por Duggan los medios de comunicación dan voz a un testigo que afirma que el sujeto nunca disparó un arma, pero ese no fue el detonante que llenaría las calles de Londres de fuego y rabia, si no que durante las protestas otro joven esta vez de 17 años fue golpeado por la policía, el ambiente estaba lleno de pólvora y esa fue la chispa que necesitaba para estallar.

Los disturbios rápidamente se expandieron por las calles de Tottenham hallando eco en Brixton y Oxford Circus, las dos primeras zonas son reconocidas por sus altos niveles de desempleo.

Hackney Central, Lewisham y Croydon al noreste y sudeste de Londres, así como la ciudad de Birmingham rápidamente fueron invadidas por el caos en un periodo corto de tiempo. Si nos detenemos a preguntarnos ¿A qué se debió el efecto de expansión tan acelerado? , encontraríamos la respuesta en las nuevas formas de comunicación, específicamente en las redes sociales.

Ofensiva digital

Recientemente hemos sido testigos de cómo Facebook, Twitter y Blackberry Messenger han sido utilizadas por los manifestantes a lo largo y ancho del globo. En Colombia hace un par de años se organizó una gran marcha contra la violencia vía Facebook, Egipto y el mundo árabe ser organizaron en Twitter burlando los regímenes totalitarios, en España los indignados hacen lo propio contra un sistema capitalista que al parecer ha dejado de funcionar y el Reino Unido no podía ser la excepción.

Tras la muerte de Mark Duggan inmediatamente se creó un grupo de Facebook que condena su misteriosa muerte en manos de la policía e invita a los cibernautas a salir a las calles a protestar, en otras redes sociales como Twitter cualquier persona con una cuenta puede enterarse en tiempo real de todo lo que ocurre en relación a los disturbios a través de los hashtags #Londonriots, #prayforlondon o #PrayfortheUK

Las redes sociales son herramientas de comunicación ideales para los líderes sociales y grupos radicales ya que son: gratuitas, rápidas, eficientes y capaces de burlar a la autoridad. En el caso específico de los disturbios de Londres, la policía se percato de que los teléfonos BlackBerry eran el instrumento de comunicación más usado por los manifestantes.

Muchos se preguntaran: ¿Por qué Blackberry? , básicamente por la aplicación BlackBerry Messenger (BBM) misma que es muy popular entre los jóvenes británicos, la cual habilita al dispositivo para chatear con otros usuarios de manera gratuita, además de permitir el envío de mensajes masivos a varios destinatarios, pero principalmente porque los mensajes que se envían a través de este medio están codificados y son únicamente los destinatarios quienes puede descifrar el contenido a diferencia de otras redes sociales, característica que complica el trabajo de rastreo de criminales.

Defensiva policial

Scotland Yard ha reaccionado, saben que para mantener el control en las calles es necesario usar las redes sociales y lo están haciendo. Steve Kavanagh funcionario de la Policía Metropolitana advirtió a los usuarios de Twitter que las personas que hicieran un llamado a sumarse a los disturbios o subieran fotos de los saqueos podrían ser detenidos.

Por su parte el jueves pasado el Primer Ministro David Cameron, anunció que estudiaba la posibilidad de interrumpir el servicio de redes sociales para devolver la paz a las calles a esta propuesta se sumó la de la Diputada David Lammy, representante de Tottenham, quien pidió a la compañía Research In Motion (RIM) creadores de BlackBerry ver la posibilidad de suspender el Blackberry Messenger temporalmente.

Otra de las medidas que adoptó la fuerza policial para atrapar a los delincuentes es la difusión de las fotografías de los vándalos tomadas por las cámaras de seguridad en la red social Flickr.

La mezcla de descontento social y tecnología ha resultado desastrosa para la ciudad, el saldo a 7 días del inicio de este estallido social es de aproximadamente 3.000 personas detenidas en todo el país de las cuales la mitad han sido relacionadas con los disturbios, dos de ellos Jordan Blackshaw de 20 años y Perry Sutcliffe-Keenan, de 22 fueron sentenciados hoy a 4 años de cárcel cada uno por incitar a la violencia a través de su perfil de Facebook.

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