Reseña : The Social Network

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Letras Libres / Román Cabeza

A juzgar por las reacciones de la crítica norteamericana, hay dos maneras de analizar The Social Network, la cinta de David Fincher sobre la génesis de Facebook. Una: poniendo bajo la lupa las implicaciones éticas de la cinta; el ejercicio, quizás manipulador, que supone el contar una historia “verdadera” a través de hechos que no pueden confirmarse y que probablemente tergiversan lo que realmente ocurrió. Dos: hablando de los méritos de la cinta no como una historia verídica sino como una narrativa que, a pesar de usar los nombres auténticos de los sujetos que retrata, es ficticia.

Es difícil decidir a cuál atender primero. Verán: si tomamos en cuenta los numerosos artículos que recogen testimonios de egresados de Harvard y entrevistas con los creadores detrás de la cinta (no solo Fincher, sino el guionista Aaron Sorkin) en publicaciones como Slate, New York Magazine y Entertainment Weekly, es imposible no llegar a la conclusión de que The Social Network miente acerca de lo que realmente ocurrió entre Adam Zuckerberg y Eduardo Saverin durante la creación de Facebook. Más aún, es posible que el ejercicio de Fincher y Sorkin carezca de ética: su cinta retrata a Zuckerberg como un geniecillo pedante; un hombre que, en busca de dinero y popularidad, traiciona a las únicas personas que parecen quererlo.

Por si esto fuera poco, un par de notas en Slate señalan la inexactitud con la que el director de Seven decidió dibujar la vida social de Harvard (pecata minuta si no fuera porque “la vida social” de Harvard es esencial para la trama). No importa el ángulo desde el cual se le mire: Fincher y Sorkin torcieron las reglas de la biografía para su propio beneficio. En aras de crear una película trepidante, ambos obviaron los hechos para amoldar la realidad a su historia.

Sin embargo, todo lo anterior importa un bledo si por un instante aceptamos que The Social Network no es la única e incontrovertible versión de la creación de Facebook. Es mucho más sencillo disfrutar la película si la vemos como tal y no como una historia verdadera. Porque como cinta de ficción, The Social Network es la mejor en lo que va del 2010: un estudio ambiguo sobre la naturaleza de la genialidad, sobre la pertinencia de los escrúpulos en el mundo de los negocios, sobre un hombre que es capaz de acabar con todos sus lazos personales con tal de proteger una idea (una idea que, incidentalmente, cambiará para siempre la manera en la que entendemos los “lazos personales”).

La primera secuencia es magistral: un duelo actoral de diez minutos de duración en el que los dos actores involucrados (Jesse Eisenberg como Zuckerberg, Rooney Mara como su novia) se disparan lo que deben haber sido más de quince páginas de diálogos sorkinianos. El duelo es un formato que no es desconocido para Sorkin. Después de todo, este fue el hombre que escribió el mayor duelo actoral de los noventa: Jack Nicholson contra Tom Cruise al final de A Few Good Men (“you can´t handle the truth!”). Y desde ese primer esbozo, Fincher no nos suelta. Fustigado por una decepción amorosa, Zuckerberg emprende una cruzada para crear un sitio que le otorgue a la gente justo lo que él no tiene: amigos. En el cuerpo de Eisenberg, Zuckerberg es un joven cuya inteligencia solo es igualada por su incapacidad para desenvolverse con soltura en un ambiente social.

Su boca articula con la velocidad, la agresión y la monotonía de una ametralladora, como si su cerebro siempre supiera qué va a decir de antemano. A diferencia de sus otros personajes (el entrañable nerd de Adventureland, el plagiario patológico de The Squid and the Whale), Zuckerberg le da la posibilidad de interpretar a un personaje amargo, difícil de querer. Y el joven actor lo logra con creces, llevando a cabo la mejor actuación de toda su corta carrera. Por su parte, los personajes secundarios no desentonan ni un segundo.

Justin Timberlake demuestra verdadera versatilidad en el papel de Sean Parker, creador de Napster y eventual presidente de Facebook que intenta aliarse con Zuckerberg, mientras que Andrew Garfield demuestra por qué fue elegido como el nuevo Spider Man: su Eduardo Saverin, socio y único amigo de Zuckerberg, es un personaje trágico y entrañable. No recuerdo la última vez que vi a un actor tan carismático en pantalla.

Mucho se ha dicho de la estructura rashomoniana adoptada por Sorkin para narrar The Social Network. La historia fluctúa entre presente y pasado, visitando los litigios en los que se vio envuelto Zuckerberg tras, supuestamente, apuñalar por la espalda a tres de sus colaboradores. El recurso funciona, en gran medida porque la génesis de Facebook no podría haber sido contada de otra manera más que a través de los ojos de las numerosas víctimas y el victimario.

La cinta abre y cierra con dos aseveraciones diametralmente opuestas sobre Adam Zuckerberg. Al hacerlo de esa manera, Sorkin se lava las manos: queda claro que él no ha emitido juicio alguno sobre el creador de Facebook. No obstante, al usar los juicios en contra de Zuckerberg como pivotes narrativos, el escritor de The West Wing nos pone a nosotros, los espectadores, como jurado. Nos queda a nosotros llegar a una conclusión sobre su personaje principal.

Es posible que The Social Network no sea la historia verdadera de la creación de Facebook y, sí, es posible que mucho de lo que vemos en pantalla haya sido inventado o ensanchado para fortalecer el drama de la cinta. Sin embargo, no puedo evitar preguntarme, ¿a quién le importa si la historia es verídica cuando es así de buena?

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